Preventative oncology screenings have been very valuable in detecting cancer in its early stages. But what happens between diagnosis and treatment?
Seeking Timely Follow-Up Care

Some patients can follow up quickly with their provider for next steps, while others play an unfortunate waiting game to create a plan. Prompt follow-up support could be crucial in setting patients up for successful treatment and survival. For example, one study examined the disparity between follow-up for patients who received abnormal breast cancer screening results after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Results showed the difference for timely follow-up care after breast cancer screenings at 3 months fell between 7% and 33%.1 Why is there such a significant time gap? We can point to many factors, including a lack of appropriate tracking systems and limited care coordination between providers.2,3   

For many patients, the barriers that prevent a timely follow-up are knowledge, access, and affordability of resources.3 Going through cancer diagnosis without having accessible and timely follow-up care can be harmful to a patient’s well-being. But how do we intervene and close these gaps? 

Let’s put this into perspective with a common narrative.   

Rose’s Story

After being recommended to get her first-ever breast cancer screening, Rose* is now facing something she’s been scared of for most of her life. She has early-stage breast cancer.  

After she witnessed her grandmother pass away from this horrible disease, she did everything she could to stay healthy – have a balanced diet, exercise, and get enough sleep. But still, she’s left with a diagnosis that she and her family knows all too well. 

Like millions of Americans diagnosed each year with cancer4, Rose is learning to navigate this new, unpredictable chapter of her life. How will she manage the needs of her job? How will she be strong for her family, even when she’s not feeling strong herself? She has the weight of the world on her shoulders.5 

Rose’s story is not an uncommon one. There are thousands of Roses, feeling scared and overwhelmed with a new cancer diagnosis. Cancer does not discriminate: it does not care if you’re the sole provider for your family or fresh out of college. Everyone’s journey has unique and challenging circumstances. 

But what if we, as providers and healthcare leaders, could provide extra support to these individuals from the start?  What if, instead of delivering the news and scheduling another appointment, patients could start their treatment journey with a sense of empathy, community, and empowerment? 

What if all the Roses out there had unconditional support and guidance from the beginning? 

From Screening to Diagnosis – What Comes Next?

Incorporating one-on-one connection following a screening and cancer diagnosis feels like a natural next step to ensure a supportive treatment journey.6,7 There are multiple reasons this approach is ideal. One being that moving from screening/diagnosis straight to treatment can feel extremely overwhelming for patients. Inserting a support intervention like a health coach or care navigator before treatment can help alleviate stress and transition individuals more seamlessly. 

One study reported that some breast cancer survivors felt the hardest part of their journey was when they first received their diagnosis.8 Many felt their diagnosis changed almost every element of what they knew in their life, and it was much quicker than they expected.5,9,10 Others felt that they didn’t know where to turn after hearing the words “you have cancer.”  

 If these individuals had the support they needed to take on their diagnosis from the beginning, they may not have looked back and remembered feeling this way.   

Because receiving a cancer diagnosis sets a new life journey in motion and impacts every area of a patient’s being, this should impact the way we deliver care. Comprehensive cancer support should start at the point of screening, not just when treatment begins. 

Better, Aligned Care is Possible

Here’s the good news – there are existing support interventions for patients diagnosed with cancer. For example, if you receive an early-stage breast cancer diagnosis like Rose, there are many programs to help prepare you for treatment decision-making11, increasing physical activity12, improving social support13, and enriching quality of life through coaching.14 

So, the issue isn’t that these programs don’t exist. The issue is that they are almost always disjointed.  

The patient is expected to reach out and find the support on their own. The burden is typically put on them to help themselves. But who wants to add another to-do list item when they’ve just received life-changing news?  

The point is, we need to make these services readily available and proactively enroll individuals who want the extra assistance at the point of screening and diagnosis.  

Let’s go back to Rose’s story. Knowing that she’s just been diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, her provider lets her know that if she’s ready, one-to-one support is waiting for her. All she has to do is say the word, and her new health coach will reach out to her that same day. Rose’s provider lets her know that her health coach will already be aware of her situation, so she won’t have to recount all of her medical information.  

When she has a call with her new coach, Grace, the following day, Rose finds that Grace is not only knowledgeable about her condition but understands how to empower Rose as she starts this new journey. She feels so much more prepared about what’s next. And best of all, she feels a lot less alone. 

Following up screenings with a care intervention like digital health coaching can help patients feel that they are not alone in their care experience.15,16,17,18 With this connected and thoughtful care process, those newly diagnosed will have a chance to feel supported, educated, and empowered now until the end of their treatment journey. This vision of Rose doesn’t have to be a “best case” scenario. If we rethink how we connect the services we have, it can be THE scenario.19 

References

  1. Reece JC, Neal EFG, Nguyen P, McIntosh JG, Emery JD. Delayed or failure to follow-up abnormal breast cancer screening mammograms in primary care: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):373. Published 2021 Apr 7. doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08100-3 
  2. Atlas SJ, Tosteson ANA, Burdick TE, et al. Primary care practitioner perceptions on the follow-up of abnormal cancer screening test results. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(9):e2234194. Published 2022 Sep 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.34194
  3. Markossian TW, Darnell JS, Calhoun EA. Follow-up and timeliness after an abnormal cancer screening among underserved, urban women in a patient navigation program. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(10):1691-1700. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0535 
  4. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2022. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2022. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2022/2022-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf   
  5. Veach E. Cancer patients face identity changes through diagnosis, treatment. The Washington Post. Accessed May 10, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/06/13/cancer-identity-change/    
  6. Preventive Services Covered by Private Health Plans under the Affordable Care Act. Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed May 2, 2023. https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/preventive-services-covered-by-private-health-plans/      
  7. Gavin K. Follow-up costs can add up if a free cancer screening shows a potential problem. Michigan Medicine. Accessed May 9, 2023. https://www.michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/follow-costs-can-add-if-free-cancer-screening-shows-potential-problem  
  8. Fortin J, Leblanc M, Elgbeili G, Cordova MJ, Marin MF, Brunet A. The mental health impacts of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2021;125(11):1582-1592. doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01542-3  
  9. Janelsins MC, Mustian KM, Peppone LJ, et al. Interventions to alleviate symptoms related to breast cancer treatments and areas of needed research. J Cancer Sci Ther. 2011;S2:S2-001. doi:10.4172/1948-5956.s2-001 
  10. Landmark BT, Wahl A. Living with newly diagnosed breast cancer: a qualitative study of 10 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. J Adv Nurs. 2002;40(1):112-121. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02346.x 
  11. Hawley ST, Li Y, Jeanpierre LA, et al. Study protocol: A randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive breast cancer treatment patient decision tool (iCanDecide). Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017;5:123-132. doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2017.02.001 
  12. Ligibel JA, Zheng Y, Barry WT, et al. Effects of an educational physical activity intervention in young women with newly diagnosed breast cancer: Findings from the Young and Strong Study [published online ahead of print, 2023 Apr 5]. Cancer. 2023;10.1002/cncr.34779. doi:10.1002/cncr.34779 
  13. Toija AS, Kettunen TH, Leidenius MHK, Vainiola THK, Roine RPA. Effectiveness of peer support on health-related quality of life in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(1):123-130. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4499-0 
  14. Sheean P, Matthews L, Visotcky A, et al. Every Day Counts: a randomized pilot lifestyle intervention for women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021;187(3):729-741. doi:10.1007/s10549-021-06163-1 
  15. Sweet CC, Jasik CB, Diebold A, DuPuis A, Jendretzke B. Cost savings and reduced health care utilization associated with participation in a digital diabetes prevention program in an adult workforce population. J Health Econ Outcomes Res. 2020;7(2):139-147. Published 2020 Aug 18. doi:10.36469/jheor.2020.14529 
  16. Silberman JM, Kaur M, Sletteland J, Venkatesan A. Outcomes in a digital weight management intervention with one-on-one health coaching. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0232221. Published 2020 Apr 30. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232221 
  17. Krist AH, Tong ST, Aycock RA, Longo DR. Engaging patients in decision-making and behavior change to promote prevention. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;240:284-302. 
  18. Thom DH, Wolf J, Gardner H, et al. A qualitative study of how health coaches support patients in making health-related decisions and behavioral changes. Ann Fam Med. 2016;14(6):509-516. doi:10.1370/afm.1988 
  19. The Pack Health Team. Introducing the COACH Study: Revitalizing Cancer Survivorship Support with Digital Health Coaching. March 30, 2023. Accessed August 29, 2023. https://www.packhealth.com/news-coach-study-announcement/  

Copyright and Disclaimer

*The patient, “Rose,” mentioned throughout this piece is fictitious, and the story is not based on an actual Pack Health member. 

Copyright © 2023 Pack Health, A Quest Diagnostics Company. All rights reserved.

Pack Health is not intended to be a substitute for medical advice provided by a person’s treating healthcare provider and is not intended to practice medicine. Pack Health is intended to be an aid for people to gain insights into ways to help improve their general health and well-being. 

Only a person’s healthcare provider should diagnose and treat their patients based on the provider’s clinical assessment, education, and training. This service should not be used as a substitute for a person’s healthcare provider.